Indian ruby, also referred to as Indian Manik ratna, is a crucial variety of the corundum mineral family with chemical composition (Al₂O₃). Natural rubies are strongly prized for their vibrant red hue, primarily due to trace amounts of chromium. Indian ruby gemstones are mined predominantly in Karnataka, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu regions and are known for their pale to deep red color and cultural significance. These gems crystallize in the trigonal system, with a Mohs hardness of 9, making them second only to diamonds in durability, ideal for jewelry like rings and pendants.
The pale to medium red color in Indian rubies results from the presence of chromium ions absorbing specific light wavelengths, while iron impurities may add brownish or purplish tints. The quality of Indian rubies depends on umpteen factors. The top-of-the-line high-grade original kempu stones exhibit vivid, transparent red hues and minimal inclusions. On the other hand, average quality indian rubies showcase Common inclusions like rutile silk or calcite that can affect clarity but may enhance asterism in rare star rubies, where needle-like inclusions create a six-rayed star effect under light. Indian rubies are often heat-treated to enhance color and clarity, a standard practice that stabilizes the gem.
The maximum benefits of ruby gemstone can only be derived when they are unheated and untreated. Most indian rubies are heat-treated to augment appearance. The Care of ruby ratna involves avoiding harsh chemicals and extreme heat to maintain luster. Sourced from ancient mines like Mogok (historically linked to India), these rubies hold gemological and astrological significance, often associated with vitality and protection in Indian tradition.
Indian ruby stone price depends on several quality factors including color, clarity, cut, carat weight, and origin. The most valued and prized indian kempu stones exhibiting a rich, pigeon-blood red hue—though true "pigeon blood" rubies are more commonly associated with Myanmar. Indian rubies, often sourced from states like Orissa and Andhra Pradesh, typically display a slightly purplish or darker red tone and may have inclusions, which affect their value. High-quality natural Indian rubies range from ₹2,000 to ₹10,000 per carat ($25–$150), with finer, clean, and vividly colored stones reaching higher prices. Untreated rubies with natural fluorescence are especially prized. Compared to Burmese or Thai rubies, Indian rubies are generally more affordable but less commercially dominant in the global market. Synthetic or heat-treated rubies are widely available at lower costs, so certification is essential to confirm authenticity and determine fair market value for natural stones. Indian rubies are also popular in astrological jewelry, influencing demand regardless of commercial grading.